Migraine Prevention

September 13, 2021

Migraine Prevention


What is Migraine?

Migraine is a type of headache that can cause severe throbbing pain or pulsing sensation. It usually presents on one side of the head and may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light and sound. When a person suffers from a migraine attack, it can last several hours to days, and the pain could be so severe that it can interfere with the person’s daily activity. Sometimes, a visual disturbance called aura may present itself before or during a migraine attack. If the person presents aura, they may experience blurry vision, flashes of light, or blind spots. 
Migraine is the 3rd most prevalent illness in the world. It is most common among people ages 18 – 44. Nearly 18% of women, 6% of men, and 10% of children suffer from migraines in the USA. Population prevalence studies report migraine prevalence rates from 2.6% to 21.7%, for an average of 12%. The most recent statistical analysis said that 15.4% and 15.5% of adults in the USA suffered from severe headaches or migraines in 2015 and 2016, respectively.

Migraine symptoms and triggers:

If you suffer from migraine, you may experience the following symptoms: 
  • Pain in one side of the head (unilateral)
  • Nausea and Vomiting
  • Throbbing pain or pulsation
  • Light and sound sensitivity
  • Confusion
  • Irritability
  • Visual Disturbances 
Triggers that may initiate or worsen migraine include:
  • Hormonal Changes
  • Alcohol
  • Coffee
  • Stress
  • Strong Smells (smoke, perfume, gasoline)
  • Changes in Weather
  • Meal skipping
  • Some medications (oral contraceptives and vasodilators)
What are the risk factors for migraines?

Major risk factors for migraines are gender, age, and genetics. Women are three times more likely to experience migraine attacks than men, and people ages 18-44 are more at risk of experiencing migraines than people under 18 and over 44. This does not, however, mean that children or older people cannot suffer from a migraine attack.

How can migraine be prevented? 

The following strategies may prevent migraine attacks:
  • Establishing a healthy sleeping pattern (7-8 hours) 
  • Avoiding triggers such as consuming alcohol and coffee
  • Practicing relaxation techniques 
  • Avoiding hunger and low blood sugar levels
  • Making dietary restrictions
  • Practicing stress management

Maintaining adherence of prescription medications for migraine management
can also help prevent migraine attacks.

Prescription oral medications such as Propranolol, Topiramate, and/or Amitriptyline can be used as the first choice to prevent migraine attacks. Naproxen, which is available without a prescription, can also be used for prevention. Injectable agents, such as Botulinum toxin A, have been proven safe and effective for preventing migraines. Triptans and ergotamine derivatives are migraine-specific medications used to manage acute migraine attacks. Examples of triptans and ergotamine derivatives include Sumatriptan and Frovatriptan, and Ergotamine Tartrate and Dihydroergotamine, respectively. 

References: 


A stethoscope is laying on a piece of paper next to a pen
December 12, 2024
URAC accreditation reflects ProCare Rx’s commitment to achieving and maintaining the highest quality, member engagement and experience, and operational standards for PBMs in the industry
By Mc-Rx Team November 15, 2024
Mental health parity and medication adherence
By MC-Rx Clinical Team August 7, 2024
Understanding GLP-1 Medications The landscape of obesity management is evolving, with GLP-1 receptor agonist (RA) medications emerging as a significant player. These FDA-approved drugs have proven effective in helping individuals lose weight, prompting a shift in how they are viewed and covered by health plans. However, the cost implications and strategic decisions surrounding these medications require careful consideration by employer groups and their members. The Case for GLP-1 Medications GLP-1 RAs, originally developed for diabetes management, have shown remarkable efficacy in weight loss. With the growing prevalence of obesity and its associated healthcare costs, there's increasing pressure on health plans to cover these medications. Despite their high cost—annual retail pharmacy expenses can exceed $10,000 per patient—GLP-1 RAs offer potential downstream savings by reducing obesity-related comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease​​. Balancing Coverage and Cost Historically, weight loss medications were deemed "lifestyle" drugs and excluded from coverage. However, the rising popularity of GLP-1 RAs and their demonstrated benefits are challenging this perspective. For plan sponsors, the decision to cover these medications involves balancing the high upfront costs with the potential for long-term savings on medical expenses related to obesity. Cost-Containment Strategies For payers choosing to cover GLP-1 medications, several cost-containment strategies can be employed: Formulary Management : Deciding on the placement of these medications within the formulary is crucial. Options range from not covering the drugs to placing them on a high-cost tier with patient cost-sharing. Prior Authorization and Step Therapy : Implementing these measures ensures that only patients with a proper diagnosis (e.g., ICD-10 code for obesity) access these medications, preventing misuse and overutilization. Prerequisite Programs : Requiring participation in wellness or nutrition programs before approving weight loss medications can encourage lifestyle modifications that complement pharmacological treatment. Specialist Restrictions : Limiting prescriptions to weight loss specialists, such as bariatric doctors or endocrinologists, ensures appropriate therapy and monitoring. Duration Limits : Establishing treatment guidelines, such as discontinuing medications if a target weight loss is not achieved within six months, helps manage long-term costs​​. The Role of Brokers and Employer Groups Brokers play a pivotal role in guiding employer groups through the complexities of covering GLP-1 medications. Understanding the cost-benefit dynamics and available cost-containment strategies enables brokers to provide informed recommendations that align with their clients' financial and health objectives. Employer groups, in turn, must weigh the potential benefits of covering these medications against their budgetary constraints and the overall well-being of their workforce. Member Education and Engagement Effective communication with members is essential to ensure they understand the coverage options and adhere to prescribed treatments. Educational initiatives can include: Patient Communication Programs : Providing information on medication adherence, compliance, and lifestyle modifications. Continuing Education : Ongoing programs to keep members informed about the benefits and proper use of weight loss medications. Monitoring and Support : Utilizing pharmacy and medical data to track outcomes and adjust strategies as needed​​. Balance the Scale with Expert Guidance from MC-Rx The adoption of GLP-1 medications for weight loss represents a significant advancement in obesity management. However, the high costs associated with these drugs necessitate careful planning and strategic implementation by brokers, employer groups, and members. By employing robust cost-containment strategies and prioritizing member education, health plans can navigate the financial challenges while delivering meaningful health benefits to their populations. MC-Rx, as a full-service pharmacy benefits manager, offers the expertise and tools to help clients optimize their coverage decisions and manage the complexities of incorporating GLP-1 medications into their health plans. Here are just a few of the GLP-1 strategies we use to shield our clients from excessive costs: Implementation of Drug Management Tools, which is critical to ensure proper utilization for GLP-1s. Strategic Benefit Design, which also protects clients from improper GLP-1 utilization. Clear Member Communication, which is crucial for proper adherence and compliance. When implemented with an existing client, the above-listed strategies helped them achieve $382,000 in cost avoidance for GLP-1s. With the right approach, the benefits of these medications can be realized, contributing to better health outcomes and potentially lowering overall healthcare costs in the long run. For more information on managing GLP-1 medications and other pharmacy benefits, reach out to an MC-Rx expert today .
By MC-Rx Clinical Team August 2, 2024
Mental Health Parity and Medication Adherence
March 21, 2024
MC-Rx, powered by ProCare Rx, has been notified by the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy (AMCP) of the acceptance of their abstract, “Improving Adherence to HIV PREP via a PBM-Driven Educational Intervention” , for presentation at AMCP 2024 Conference in April.
February 23, 2024
Exploring the rising costs and demands of weight-loss medication and how to combat those costs, significantly lowering drug costs for payors and increasing access for patients who need them.
January 16, 2024
A message from Marileny Lugo, President, MC-Rx
January 16, 2024
A message from Marileny Lugo, President, MC-Rx
January 10, 2024
To decrease the burden on healthcare costs, at MC-Rx we strive to create awareness by educating our community regarding the importance of prevention.
September 28, 2023
Increased medication adherence has been linked to better clinical and financial outcomes.
More Posts
Share by: